Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye): Causes, Prevention, and Care
Pink eye, or conjunctivitis, is one of the most common eye conditions — and one of the most misunderstood. Here's how to recognize, treat, and prevent its spread.
What Is Conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis, commonly called "pink eye," is inflammation of the conjunctiva — the thin, clear membrane covering the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It causes the characteristic pink or red appearance along with irritation and discharge.
Types of Conjunctivitis
Viral Conjunctivitis
The most common type, often accompanying a cold or upper respiratory infection. Highly contagious, typically causing watery discharge, and usually resolves on its own within 1-2 weeks.
Bacterial Conjunctivitis
Causes thick, yellow or green discharge, often with eyelids crusted shut in the morning. Usually affects one eye initially before potentially spreading to the other. Treated with antibiotic eye drops.
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Caused by allergens rather than infection, typically affecting both eyes with intense itching and watery discharge. Not contagious.
Irritant Conjunctivitis
Caused by exposure to chemicals, smoke, chlorine, or foreign objects. Resolves once the irritant is removed.
Symptoms
- Redness in the white of the eye or inner eyelid
- Increased tear production
- Discharge (watery, thick, or stringy depending on the cause)
- Itching or burning
- Blurred vision
- Crusting of eyelids/lashes, especially upon waking
- Sensitivity to light
Treatment
- Viral: Usually resolves on its own; cool compresses and artificial tears provide symptom relief.
- Bacterial: Antibiotic eye drops or ointment prescribed by a doctor.
- Allergic: Antihistamine or mast-cell stabilizer eye drops; avoiding the allergen.
- Irritant: Flushing the eye with clean water and avoiding further exposure.
Preventing the Spread
- Wash hands frequently, especially after touching your eyes
- Avoid sharing towels, pillowcases, or eye makeup
- Don't rub or touch infected eyes
- Replace contact lenses and lens cases after an infection
- Stay home from school or work if contagious conjunctivitis is suspected
- Avoid swimming pools during an active infection
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical attention if you experience significant pain, light sensitivity, blurred vision that doesn't clear with blinking, or symptoms that worsen or don't improve within a few days — these can indicate a more serious condition requiring prompt treatment.
Frequently Asked Questions
How long is pink eye contagious?
Viral conjunctivitis is typically contagious for as long as symptoms are present, up to 1-2 weeks. Bacterial conjunctivitis is usually no longer contagious after 24 hours of antibiotic treatment.
Can I go to work or school with pink eye?
It's best to stay home while symptoms are active and contagious, particularly for bacterial and viral forms, to avoid spreading the infection.
Concerned about your eyes?
Book a comprehensive eye check-up with Dr. Sailli Gulavanii at Drishyam Netralaya.
Schedule Your Visit on WhatsAppDisclaimer: This article is for general educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified ophthalmologist for diagnosis and treatment tailored to your condition.